ABSTRACT
The worldwide medical systems are still being severely impacted by the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is responsible for catastrophic mortality and morbidity. It becomes more and more obvious that this unique respiratory virus's impacts go beyond the respiratory system as time goes on and our comprehension of it deepens. The transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) protein is necessary for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which is the cause of COVID-19, to gain cellular entry through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Most endocrine glands exhibit high levels of expression for ACE2 and TMPRSS2. This pays the attention to the effect of COVID-19 on the endocrine system. Besides its capability to pass to the central nervous system especially the hypothalamus inducing a lot of functional disorders in COVID-19 individuals. Although effective vaccines became widely available, and mortality declined but attention is shifting more and more to the lengthy health impacts on COVID-19 survivors. To inform suitable research and effective management, this review provides an overview of the data examining the impacts of COVID-19 on the endocrine glands besides the hypothalamus. In addition, we reported if the endocrinal and thalamic disorders could affect the incidence and progress of COVID-19. Copyright© by the Egyptian Association of Immunologists.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the outcome of COVID–19 among hepatocellular carcinoma patients at tertiary care hospital. Study Design: descriptive case series study Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Nishtar Hospital Multan from December, 2020 to December, 2021. Materials and Methods: All patients of hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed with COVID–19 of either sex aged more than 20 years were included in this study. Collected Data was entered into SPSS version 22 and was analyzed through its statistical package. Results: A total of 62 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma presenting with COVID–19 were included, of which 69.4% (n = 43) were male while 30.6 % (n = 19) were female patients. Mean age of these patients was 59.60 ± 8.94 years (range;42–78 years). Mean duration of hospitalization in these patients was 11.37 ± 6.18 days and 58.1 % (n = 36) were hospitalized for more than 1 week. Admission to intensive care unit (ICU) was noted in 25.8% (n = 16) of these patients. In–hospital mortality in HCC patients having COVID–19 was noted in 27.4 % (n = 17). Conclusion: High frequency of in–hospital mortality was noted in hepatocellular carcinoma patients infected with COVID–19 in our study.
ABSTRACT
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, intensive controls were put in place to prevent the pandemic from spreading. People's habits have been altered by the COVID-19 measures and restrictions imposed such as social distance and lockdown measures. These unexpected changes created a significant impact on cellular networks, such as increased use of online services and content streaming, which increased the burden on wireless networks. This research work is basically a case study that aims to examine and investigate cellular network performance, including upload speed, download speed, and latency, during two periods (MCO, CMCO) in three different regions, including Kuala Lumpur, Selangor (Cheras), and Johor Bahru, to observe the effects of lockdown enforcement and other restrictions in Malaysia on cellular network traffic. We used the phone application Speedtest™ as a tool for data collection within different times during the day, considering the peak times, including morning, evening, and night times. The research findings show how COVID-19 has affected internet traffic in Malaysia significantly. This research would help perspective developers and companies to better understand and be prepared for tough times and higher load on cellular networks in future pandemics such as COVID-19 © 2022. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications.All Rights Reserved.
ABSTRACT
In recent years the scientific community has paid a great deal of attention to phenolic antioxidant substances as active bio-molecules present naturally in foods for the treatment of different diseases. The current study was conducted to investigate the dietary benefit of Pterostilbene (PTS) on Tobacco (NNK)-mediated lung injury. This experiment was conducted with 40 rats, distributed in 4 experimental groups;Control group, NNK group, PTS group, and NNK plus PTS group. NNK-group showed marked disrupted lung structure with collapsed alveoli, alveolar hyperplasia, congested blood vessels, extravasated erythrocytes, inflammatory cell infiltration, and deposition of collagen fibers. A marked elevation in the positive area percentage of immune reactions of iNOS, CD68, and Caspase-3 in NNK-treated group was recorded, as compared with the control group. Moreover, NNK administration caused a significant reduction in CAT and SOD levels associated with a significant increase in the concentrations of MDA, GM-CSF, TNF-α, IL-6, Total cholesterol, and triglycerides in serum. These effects were substantially improved after co-administration of NNK plus PTS, preserved nearly normal lung architecture, normalized the antioxidant status, and most of the biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical parameters, by ameliorating histological alterations in lung tissue, increasing antioxidant activities, and decreasing inflammatory cytokines. The administration of NNK caused a significant lung injury, which could be ultimately ameliorated by concomitant treatment with PTS. These results suggest that PTS mediates the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects against lung injury and might be a promising assistant treatment agent against COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are RNA viruses threatened the global health. The causative microorganism, causing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), is known as (novel coronavirus) or (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) (SARS-CoV-2). Furthermore, respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia and breathing failure are caused by COVID-19, first reported in Wuhan, China. So far, over 939,968COVID-19 death cases out of approximately 29,765,666 confirmed cases have been globally reported.However, global research institutions and companies have exerted tremendous effort to develop vaccines and drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Finally, our aim is to comprehensively review epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology as well as the outlined the several strategies (preclinical/clinical) of COVID-19 treatment at the molecular level.